Waldo Russo

The satellite communications ecosystem has been highly conservative over the past few decades, requiring, for example, significant time to prove the in-space performance of devices and technologies.

On the other hand, telecommunications technology—particularly the mobile communications industry—has been modernizing and improving very rapidly in various aspects, such as miniaturization, energy efficiency, cognitive and software-defined radios, smart antennas, software-defined networks, and network function virtualization and slicing.

This is now changing with new satellite systems and constellations, a collective movement known as New Space or Space 4.0.